Chapter 14 (first half )

Early Modern commerce in products


-New societies and commerce connections across the Atlantic resulted in European empires in the western hemisphere.
-The most immediate effort was the desire for tropical spices
-Europe's population grew and monarchies were learning how to tax more effectively and build better military forces
-Europeans were required to pay cash in gold or silver for Asian spices and textiles.
-Indian ocean commerce played a role in the diverse market who traded freely, most of them being Muslims
-No one dominated sea lands and Portuguese saw this as an opening for their ships to compete in naval forces.
-Portuguese created a space to control commerce known as the trading post empire which did so by armed forces
-Spanish realized they were late to the riches of the east and established themselves on the Philippines island
-When Dutch and English entered the Indian ocean commerce they overtook the Portuguese '
-silver trade gave a global network of exchange.
-Philippines provided a critical link to the network of exchange.
-japan was also a major source of silver production in the sixteenth century.
-china depended on it to run their economy.
-in the early modern era fur joined silver and textiles and spices as the main items of global exchange.
-fur trade was highly competitive and only a few Europeans directly engaged in trapping or hunting and usually waited for Indians to bring it
-the deer population diminished as British colonies took about 500,000 deer per year and diminished the population
-fur bearing spices were depleted as the trade moved westward
-native American people benefited greatly form the fur trade
-alcohol came about and binge drinking and violence followed shortly after which greatly impacted women since there were no churches or authority.

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